LANGUAGE TITBITS

• According to Illinois state (America) law, it is illegal to speak English. The officially recognized language is “American”.

• Widow is the only female form in the English language that is shorter than its corresponding male form “widower”.

• There is only one word in the English language with three consecutive sets of double letters…. “Bookkeeper”.

• There is a seven letter word in the English language that contains ten words without rearranging any of its letters, “therein”: the, there, he, in, rein, her, here, ere, therein, herein.

• There are thirteen languages spoken by more than 100 million people. They are: Mandarin Chinese, English, Hindi, Spanish, Russian, Arabic, Bengali, Portuguese, Malay Indonesian, French, Japanese, German and Urdu.

• There are roughly 6500 spoken languages in the world today. However 2000 of those languages have fewer than 1000 speakers.

• The word “queue” is the only English word that is still pronounced the same way when the last four letters are removed.

• The longest word in the Finnish language, that is not a compound word, is ‘epaejaerjestelmaellistyttaemaettoemyydellaensaekaeaen’. In English it means 'even with their lack of ability to disorganize'.

• The longest word in the English language, according to the Oxford English Dictionary, is "pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanokoniosis". The word refers to a lung disease caused by breathing in certain particles. The only other word with the same amount of letters "ispneumonoultra-microscopicsilicovolcanoconioses", its plural.

• The Chinese language does not require punctuation.

• Seoul, the South Korean capital, just means "the capital" in the Korean language.

• Of all the languages in the world, English has the largest vocabulary about 800,000 words.

• French was the official language of England for over 600 years.

• "The sixth sick sheik's sixth sheep's sick" is said to be the toughest tongue twister in English.

• "Four" is the only number whose number of letters in the name equals the number.

• "Rhythm" is the longest English word without the normal vowels, a, e, i, o, or u.

• The language in which a government conducts business is the official language of that country.

• The most difficult language to learn is Basque, which is spoken in northwestern Spain and southwestern France.

• Many of the state names comes from native American languages. Example, the tribe Ute name themselves Utah.

• Eskimos have more than twenty words to describe snow.

• China has more English speaking people than the United States.

• The word sugar is the only English word starting with SU where the S is pronounced SH.

• Mafia is an old Arabic word that means sanctuary.

• The sentence "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog" uses every letter of the alphabet.

• I am, is the shortest complete sentence in the English language.

• The word karate means empty hand.

• The name of all the continents end with the same letter that they start with.

• The most common name in the world is Mohammed.

• There are only 12 letters in the Hawaiian alphabet.

• In Chinese script, there are more than 40 000 characters.

• The ampersand & was once a letter of the English alphabet.

• English is the only language that capitalizes ‘I’, the first person singular.

• In nearly every language around the world, the word for mother begins with an ‘m’ sound.

• Beware of bottles labeled “gift” in Germany. In German gift means poison.

• The only 15 letter word can be spelt without repeating a letter is UNCOPYRIGHTABLE.

• The only word that has 2 letters each used times is DEEDED

EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE

Recently I read a wonderful topic in net,is "Emotional intelligence", simply EI. It is wonderful topic to read.

OK, what is Artificial Intelligence?

"Emotional intelligence is the innate potential to feel, use, communicate, recognize, remember, describe, identify, learn from, manage, understand and explain emotions."[1]This is a new definition as of December 17, 2007 by S.Hein.

John D.Mayer, he publish two popular articles, also explains the same concept in a different way.He and his colleagues salovey and David release a popular definition for EI,"the ability to process emotional information, particularly as it involves the perception, assimilation, understanding, and management of emotion."



HISTORY OF EI

In 1985 Wayne Leon Payne, then a graduate student at an alternative liberal arts college in the USA, wrote a doctoral dissertation which included the term "emotional intelligence" in the title. This seems to be the first academic use of the term "emotional intelligence." In next five years, no one else seems to have used the term "emotional intelligence" in any academic papers.

Then in 1990 the work of two American university professors, John Mayer and Peter Salovey, was published in two academic journal articles. Mayer, (U. of New Hampshire), and Salovey (Yale), were trying to develop a way of scientifically measuring the difference between people's ability in the area of emotions. They found that some people were better than others at things like identifying their own feelings, identifying the feelings of others, and solving problems involving emotional issues. The title of one of these papers was titled "Emotional Intelligence".

Since 1990 these professors have developed two tests to attempt to measure what they are calling our "emotional intelligence." Because nearly all of their writing has been done in the academic community, their names and their actual research findings are not widely known.

Instead, the person most commonly associated with the term emotional intelligence is actually a New York writer and consultant named Daniel Goleman. In the early 1990's Goleman had been writing articles for the magazine Popular Psychology and then later for the New York Times newspaper. In 1992 he was doing research for a book about emotions and emotional literacy when he discovered the 1990 article by Salovey and Mayer. According to the article by Annie Paul, Goleman asked them permission to use the term "emotional intelligence" in his book and that permission was granted providing he told people where he heard the term. Before then it seems his book was planning to focus on "emotional literacy". See this discussion for more about this.

In 1995 Goleman's book came out under the title "Emotional Intelligence." The book made it to the cover of Time Magazine in the USA and Goleman began appearing on American television shows such as Oprah Winfrey and Phil Donahue. He also began a speaking tour to promote the book and the book became an international best seller. It remained on the New York Times best-seller list for approximately one year.[2]

Goleman explains the EI in a simple manner as follows:

1.Self-awareness — the ability to read one's emotions and recognize their impact
while using gut feelings to guide decisions.
2.Self-management — involves controlling one's emotions and impulses and adapting to
changing circumstances.
3.Social awareness — the ability to sense, understand, and react to others' emotions
while comprehending social networks.
4.Relationship management — the ability to inspire, influence, and develop others
while managing conflict.

that is, understand yourself, your ability, talent, emotions etc and manage it properly. second point is understand others and respect their feelings and maintain a good relationship with others.

do u want to test ur emotional intelligence? go and visit the following link: http://psychology.about.com/library/quiz/bl_eq_quiz.htm?. this link will help you to know about EI. when i was trying, they asked me so many questions. I answered all properly and my result is " you are an average man in EI. Better you improve yourself"

wanna try this go and answer the above link.

wanna read more about EI please read the following link:
http://www.unh.edu/emotional_intelligence/EIAssets/EmotionalIntelligenceProper/EI1990%20Emotional%20Intelligence.pdf

REFERENCES:

1.http://eqi.org/eidefs.htm

2.http://eqi.org/history.htm

AMISH - PEOPLE & THEIR CULTURE

AMISH are anabaptist christian denomination in the united states and canada. they are known for their plain dress and limited use of modern conveniences such as automobiles and electricity.

The Amish originated in 1693 – 97 as followers of the Mennonite Jakob Ammann in Switzerland, Alsace, and Germany.

Migration to North America and assimilation eliminated the Amish in Europe. They settled in Pennsylvania in the 18th century.

After 1850 they split into "Old Order" (traditional) and "New Order" (now the Mennonite churches).

Old Order Amish now live in Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, Iowa, Illinois, and Kansas. Adults are baptized and admitted to formal church membership at age 17 to 20.

Though similar in theology to Mennonites, Amish wear modest, old-fashioned clothing and generally reject modern technology, including automobiles and telephones.

* they speak german dialect known as pennsylvania deutsch.

* they do not join the military.

* they do not accept any form of financial assistsnce from the government.

* they use plain dress only.

* they are farmers and follow traditional methods only.

* they use horses for farming and transportation.

* they wont allow new technologies like TV, Telephone, car, electricity to their village.

* they are mennonite christians and have their own belief.

* they marry within their amish community.

* they have no separate churches. they meet in private homes.

* they operate their own schools (called as "one-room schools')with teachers of their own community.

* they are trilinguals ( they speak pennsylvania deutsch in their home and high german in their services and english for outside world.)

they teaching stresses humility, family and community and follows the belief that God intends families to stick together without dilution from the influences of the wider world.

Their sober dress code is an expression of their faith.

Women cover flesh with long skirts and long sleeves.

Men and boys are expected to wear dark suits with braces.

No zippers are allowed and men can only grow beards once they are married.